In this report, we aimed to analyze the effects of three pivotal policies — the CHIPS Act, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) — on labor dynamics in specific U.S. industries.

We project that there will be significant labor gaps in the semiconductor and clean energy industries by 2029 (up to 900,000 jobs). We predict that Central and South American countries due to their expanding labor pools and educational advances will be key in filling these labor gaps over time.